Fig. 1. Application of cardiac computed tomography (CT) for anatomical and functional evaluation of the heart. ( A ) Coronary anatomy: Representative three-dimensional CT images of the heart and thoracic vessels, obtained during intravenous infusion of contrast media, showing a coronary artery ( white arrow ). ( B ) Myocardial viability: Cross-axial CT image of the heart showing late enhancement of an infarcted myocardial segment. ( C ) Myocardial perfusion: One of a series of cross-axial CT images (at the mid left ventricle of the heart) used for evaluation of the changes of myocardial density over time, and subsequently perfusion. ( D ) Left ventricle muscle mass and ejection fraction: Cross-axial images of the same heart obtained at different levels during the diastolic ( top ) and systolic ( bottom ) phases of the cardiac cycle. Such images are used for the reconstruction of left ventricular volumes and calculation of ejection fraction. ( E ) Diastolic–systolic function: Dynamic changes in left ventricular cavity size (shown at a representative cardiac level) observed throughout the cardiac cycle, which can be used for the assessment of systolic and diastolic function.