Fig. 8. Means of decreasing oxygen consumption (expressed in oxygen uptake [Vo², ml/min] and in watts [J/s]) in anesthetized humans without (control) and with infusions of amino acids during the procedure. For comparison, the graph also shows the increased energy expenditure (watts [J/s]) in awake humans after infusion of the same amount of amino acids. These investigations were performed using thermistor-equipped catheters in the pulmonary artery and in a hepatic vein. Arterial catheters were also used, and arteriovenous differences were calculated also with the aid of indocyanine dye. Note the fivefold increase in energy from the amino acids during anesthesia.  35