Fig. 5. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α serum concentrations before ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) and every 3 h after the beginning of reperfusion in reperfusion and MRS3558 treatment groups. Corresponding numbers for the control groups: a = after 1 h of stabilization; b = number of hours of perfusion; NA = not applicable. *  P < 0.05  versus control (I and II) and treatment (V and VI) groups. With reperfusion, levels increased significantly after 3 h of reperfusion and reached a peak within 9 h. Treatment with MRS3558 attenuated the increase in TNF-α levels with reperfusion, but it did not reach control values. Results are expressed as absolute values and represent mean ± SD. Group details are in  figure 2. One-way analysis of variance followed by the pairwise multiple comparison Tukey test was used.