Fig. 5.  Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)–mediated hepatic and intestinal proinflammatory messenger RNA (mRNA) up-regulation. Mice were subjected to renal IRI, followed by exposure to 4 h of pentobarbital (red ) or 1.2% isoflurane (blue ). Liver and small-intestine tissues were collected 24 h after renal IRI. Densitometric quantifications of band intensities relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from reverse transcription–polymerase chain reactions. n = 4 per group. *P < 0.05 versus  the appropriate pentobarbital group. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ICAM = intercellular adhesion molecule; IL = interleukin; MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP = macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF = tumor necrosis factor.