Fig. 8. Acute effect (1, 5, and 10 min) of levobupivacaine (LBV; 3 × 10−5and 3 × 10−4M) with or without lipid emulsion (LE; 0.95%) on the caveolin-1 (CAV) activation by phosphorylation at Tyr14in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. LE was added for 1, 5, or 10 min after pretreatment with LBV for 1 min. Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus each time point of LBV-treated samples; P = 0.011 and P = 0.014 versus the values at 5- and 10-min points of 3 × 10−5M LBV-treated cells, respectively; P = 0.031, P = 0.029, and P = 0.018 versus the values at 1-, 5-, and 10-min points of 3 × 10−4M LBV-treated cells, respectively.
