Fig. 1. Incidence of perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) in 570 patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Filled bars = no medication use; gray bars =β blocker use only; dotted bars = statin use only; open bars = combination of β-blocker and statin use. Results are based on the number of clinical risk factors (age > 70 yr, current angina, previous MI, heart failure, previous cerebrovascular event, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and pulmonary disease) and on statin and β-blocker use.