Fig. 2. Relation between the presence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and the percentage of patients who died in the first year after surgery. This figure includes only patients who survived to test at the 3-month (late) test time. The figure includes the following four groups: none (patients who did not experience POCD at either of the testing times), hospital discharge (patients who had POCD only at hospital discharge), 3 months (patients who had POCD only at the late [3 months postoperative] testing session), and hospital discharge + 3 months (patients who had POCD at both hospital discharge and the late testing sessions). * Hospital discharge + 3 month group was significantly different from the other three groups ( P = 0.02). Reprinted with permission from Monk TG et al. , Anesthesiology 2008; 108:18–30.