Fig. 3. (A ) Western blot analysis showing levels of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β total, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylated (Ser9) (phospho-GSK-3β) after 5 min of reoxygenation alone (control) or in the presence of 5 min of desflurane, 6% (desflurane). Western blot analysis was performed using specific antibodies against GSK-3β total, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-tubulin. (B ) Histogram depicting the variation of GSK-3β total expression in control and 6% desflurane groups (relative to control) (B.1 ), and the phosphor-GSK-3β (Ser9)/GSK-3β total ratio (B.2 ) in the control group and desflurane group (relative to control). The relative GSK-3β total and phospho-GSK-3β protein levels were calculated by averaging the results obtained from five independent experiments and were normalized to the β-tubulin in each group. Densitometry analysis is expressed in arbitrary units. The relative phospho-GSK-3β protein levels were calculated by averaging the results obtained from five independent experiments and were normalized to the β-tubulin control in each group. Densitometry analysis is expressed in arbitrary units. Data are mean ± SD.