Fig. 8. Anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane for 6 h increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the brain tissues of neonatal Alzheimer disease (AD) transgenic mice. (A ) Sevoflurane anesthesia (lanes 5–8) increases TNF-α levels when compared with the control condition (lanes 1–4) in the brain tissues of neonatal AD transgenic mice. (B ) Quantification of the Western blot shows that sevoflurane anesthesia (black bar ) increases TNF-α levels compared with the control condition (white bar ). (C ) Sevoflurane anesthesia (black bar ) increases messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of TNF-α when compared with the control condition (white bar ). (D ) Sevoflurane anesthesia (lanes 5–8) does not increase TNF-α levels when compared with the control condition (lanes 1–4) in the brain tissues of neonatal naïve mice. (E ) Quantification of the Western blot shows that sevoflurane anesthesia (black bar ) does not increase TNF-α levels compared with the control condition (white bar ). (F ) Sevoflurane anesthesia (black bar ) does not increase the mRNA levels of TNF-α when compared with the control condition (white bar ) in the brain tissues of neonatal naïve mice. We have averaged the results from four independent experiments. N.S. = not significant. **P < 0.01.