Fig. 2. Representative images of microglial staining with an antibody against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). Ipsilateral lumbar dorsal spinal cord of rats that underwent sham procedures administered control immunoglobulin G (IgG) (10 ng; A , B , and C ) or ipsilateral spinal cord of rats with plantar incision administered 10 ng anti-chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) IgG (G , H , and I ) or 10 ng control IgG (D , E , and F ). Microglial IBA1 immunostaining was increased in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord of rats 1 day and 2 days postoperatively (1 dpo and 2 dpo) after plantar incision compared with the levels in rats that underwent sham procedure. A single intrathecal injection of anti-CCL2 IgG (10 ng) administered 1 day after plantar incision reduced the levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1)-immunoreactivity (IR) in the spinal cord of incision rats 24 h after administration (H compared with E ) but not 30 min after administration (G compared with D ) compared with incision rats that received intrathecal control IgG. Insets depict the morphologic differences in microglia 48 h after incision. Not increased size of microglia in control IgG-treated rats versus anti-CCL2–treated rats (F compared with I ). Scale bar in H = 150 μm and scale bar in I = 120 μm.