Fig. 3. (A ) Percentage of use of β-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) over time. The β-blocker group consists of patients who were in either the Addition or Continuous groups. The None group consisted of patients who did not receive β-blockers before, during, or after surgery. The Addition group included patients who did not have β-blockers before surgery but who received at least one dose of β-blockers after surgery as either an inpatient or outpatient. The Withdrawal group consisted of patients who were receiving β-blockers before surgery but did not receive a single dose after surgery. The Continuous group included patients who were receiving β-blockers before surgery and who received at least one dose after surgery. (B ) Percentage of 30-day and 1-year mortality over time.