Fig. 3. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes are protected from oxidative stress by anesthetic-induced preconditioning (APC). (A ) Myosin light chain-2v (MLC-2v)-enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells (i.e. , hESC-derived cardiomyocytes) were identified by green fluorescence using confocal microscopy. After exposure to oxidative stress and compared with control (Ctrl), APC decreased the number of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes that stained positive for red-fluorescent propidium iodide (PI), an indication of cell death. (B ) The rate of increase in number of PI-positive cells, expressed as percentage of total number of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, is attenuated in APC group compared with Ctrl. (C ) Summarized values after the application of H2O2, after 10 min of perfusion with Tyrode solution. *P < 0.05 versus Ctrl.