Fig. 5. Performance on the radial arm maze. There were no differences in the total number of arm entries on the maze between the groups, but animals exposed to isoflurane in utero (n = 14) made more omission errors than the controls (n = 11; P = 0.005, significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction) (A ). On time to complete the maze (B ), there was an effect of anesthesia condition (P = 0.001, significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction), with rats exposed to isoflurane in utero taking longer to complete the maze than age-matched controls. There were no differences in the number of choices made before the first error in both groups (P = 0.03; C ). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and were analyzed using linear mixed models in which anesthetic condition (control or anesthetized) was modeled as a fixed effect and dam was modeled as a random, repeated-measures effect to account for nonindependence of observations among pups born to the same dam.