Fig. 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) response stratified by anesthetic technique. IL-6 levels in the CSF were found to have a significant treatment effect (by repeated-measures one-way ANOVA, F = 5.50, P = 0.031) in the postoperative period when sevoflurane (n = 4) was used instead of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) (propofol and remifentanil) (n = 6). Because of the small n values and variation, no specific time point was significantly different by Bonferroni post hoc  test.