Fig. 2. Survival and fluid requirements. (A ) 12-h survival rate. (B ) Survival time. (C ) Fluid requirement. Survival time and survival rate were represented by median and Kaplan–Meier survival line and analyzed by interquartile range and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, respectively. Fluid requirement is represented as mean ± SD (n = 10). HES = hydroxyethyl starch; LR = lactated Ringer's solution; MAP = mean arterial blood pressure; WB = whole blood. 50, 70, and 90 in x-axis means maintaining MAP at 50, 70, and 90 mmHg with LR, HES, or LR+HES and LR+whole blood. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus  50 mmHg group in the same fluid groups; [Combining Circumflex Accent] P < 0.05 versus  70 mmHg group in the same fluid groups; +P < 0.05, ++P < 0.01 versus  the same MAP level of the LR group.