Fig. 9. Histograms showing the proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus (CN) on day 7 after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats treated with regional or whole-body hypothermia. A significant decrease in levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A ) and interleukin (IL)-1β (B ) was observed after applying regional hypothermia (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). In rats pretreated with mild or deep regional hypothermia, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels compared with those pretreated with regional normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Similarly, in the 5 h postinjury group, TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels in the CN were significantly decreased in CCI rats that received mild or deep regional hypothermia compared with those that received regional normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). In addition, deep regional hypothermia administered preinjury and 5 h postinjury more effectively suppressed TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels than did mild regional hypothermia (#P < 0.05, by Tukey test). However, in 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days postinjury groups, the levels of TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) in the CN did not differ significantly among rats that received regional normothermia, mild regional hypothermia, or deep regional hypothermia (P > 0.05, by Tukey test). Levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) decreased significantly in response to application of whole-body hypothermia (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Compared with whole-body normothermia, mild and deep whole-body hypothermia was effective in decreasing TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) levels in the CN of CCI rats in preinjury, 5 h, 1 day, and 3 days postinjury groups (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). In the 5 days postinjury group, a significant decrease in levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) in CCI rats receiving deep whole-body hypothermia, but not mild whole-body hypothermia, compared with those receiving whole-body normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Lower levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) were observed in rats treated with deep whole-body hypothermia than in those treated with mild whole-body hypothermia (#P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Mild and deep whole-body hypothermia more effectively decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels than mild and deep regional hypothermia, respectively (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Regional and whole-body normothermia had similar effects on levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (P > 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Error bars  represent mean ± SD; n = 5 rats per treatment.

Fig. 9. Histograms showing the proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus (CN) on day 7 after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats treated with regional or whole-body hypothermia. A significant decrease in levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A ) and interleukin (IL)-1β (B ) was observed after applying regional hypothermia (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). In rats pretreated with mild or deep regional hypothermia, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels compared with those pretreated with regional normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Similarly, in the 5 h postinjury group, TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels in the CN were significantly decreased in CCI rats that received mild or deep regional hypothermia compared with those that received regional normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). In addition, deep regional hypothermia administered preinjury and 5 h postinjury more effectively suppressed TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) levels than did mild regional hypothermia (#P < 0.05, by Tukey test). However, in 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days postinjury groups, the levels of TNF-α (A ) and IL-1β (B ) in the CN did not differ significantly among rats that received regional normothermia, mild regional hypothermia, or deep regional hypothermia (P > 0.05, by Tukey test). Levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) decreased significantly in response to application of whole-body hypothermia (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Compared with whole-body normothermia, mild and deep whole-body hypothermia was effective in decreasing TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) levels in the CN of CCI rats in preinjury, 5 h, 1 day, and 3 days postinjury groups (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). In the 5 days postinjury group, a significant decrease in levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) in CCI rats receiving deep whole-body hypothermia, but not mild whole-body hypothermia, compared with those receiving whole-body normothermia (*P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Lower levels of TNF-α (C ) and IL-1β (D ) were observed in rats treated with deep whole-body hypothermia than in those treated with mild whole-body hypothermia (#P < 0.05, by Tukey test). Mild and deep whole-body hypothermia more effectively decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels than mild and deep regional hypothermia, respectively (P < 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Regional and whole-body normothermia had similar effects on levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (P > 0.05, by two-way ANOVA). Error bars  represent mean ± SD; n = 5 rats per treatment.

Close Modal
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal