Fig. 8. Spatial reference memory. Sevoflurane did not affect spatial reference memory. Environmental enrichment improved performance in sevoflurane-treated rats. Escape latency to the hidden platform (A ). At the second session, escape latency of sevoflurane-treated animals housed in an enriched environment is lower than latency of sevoflurane-treated rats housed conventionally. Swim speeds (B ) and sessions to reach the platform in 30 s, averaged over three trials (C ). Probe trial (platform removed) target quadrant dwell times on days 0 and 3 after completion of spatial reference memory testing (D, E ). The dotted line  indicates chance performance. *P < 0.05, Kruskall-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons test (data from one or more groups did not pass normality test). a P < 0.001, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc  corrections. CCW = counterclockwise; CW = clockwise; EE = enriched environment; NH = normal housing; Sevo = sevoflurane.