Fig. 1. Xenon (Xe) dose–response analysis. Rats were exposed to 0, 15, 30, or 45% Xe (in 30% O2/balance nitrogen) by random assignment for 20 h, beginning 90 min after reperfusion from 70-min awake middle cerebral artery occlusion. A 7-day recovery interval was allowed. Open circles indicate individual animal values. Horizontal lines indicate mean values for (A ) neurologic score and (B ) total, (C ) cortical, and (D ) subcortical infarct sizes. For neurologic scores, 0 = no neurologic deficit (potential range 0–48). P values indicate ANOVA main effect. *P < 0.05 versus 0% Xe (post hoc analysis).