Fig. 1.
CX717 and bicuculline (BIC) alleviate propofol-induced depression of the rhythmic respiratory activity generated by in vitro brainstem–spinal cord neonatal rat preparations. A, Long-term recording (>1h) from a P1 brainstem–spinal cord preparation showing rectified and integrated fourth ventral cervical nerve root (C4) activity. Administration of propofol (2 μm, over 60-min perfusion) caused a marked depression of respiratory frequency and duration. Subsequent addition of BIC (1 μm over 15-min perfusion, followed by 3 μm over 5-min perfusion in the presence of propofol) alleviated the propofol-induced respiratory depression. Note that bath application of bicuculline induced nonrespiratory (N) high amplitude, long duration bursts of motor activity. B, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 of P1 rat brainstem–spinal cord preparation after bath application of propofol (2 μm over 80min). Respiratory depression of frequency and duration was alleviated by additional bath application of CX717 (50 μm for 15min followed by 150 μm for 5min) in the presence of propofol. C, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 ventral roots of P0 rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations after 15-min bath application of CX717 (150 μm). D, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 ventral roots of P1 rat brainstem–spinal cord preparation after 15-min bath application of BIC (3 μm). Note that bath application of bicuculline induced nonrespiratory (N) high amplitude, long-duration bursts of motor activity. E, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of varied concentrations of propofol (1 μm, n = 5; 2 μm, n = 11; and 5 μm, n = 8). F, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm) and then additional application of BIC (+BIC); n = 4 each. G, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm) and then additional application of CX717 (+CX); n = 4 each. H, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm, n = 11) and coadministration of CX717 and propofol (Co, n = 4). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, NSP > 0.05. All animals tested were postnatal day (P)0 to P1.

CX717 and bicuculline (BIC) alleviate propofol-induced depression of the rhythmic respiratory activity generated by in vitro brainstem–spinal cord neonatal rat preparations. A, Long-term recording (>1h) from a P1 brainstem–spinal cord preparation showing rectified and integrated fourth ventral cervical nerve root (C4) activity. Administration of propofol (2 μm, over 60-min perfusion) caused a marked depression of respiratory frequency and duration. Subsequent addition of BIC (1 μm over 15-min perfusion, followed by 3 μm over 5-min perfusion in the presence of propofol) alleviated the propofol-induced respiratory depression. Note that bath application of bicuculline induced nonrespiratory (N) high amplitude, long duration bursts of motor activity. B, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 of P1 rat brainstem–spinal cord preparation after bath application of propofol (2 μm over 80min). Respiratory depression of frequency and duration was alleviated by additional bath application of CX717 (50 μm for 15min followed by 150 μm for 5min) in the presence of propofol. C, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 ventral roots of P0 rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations after 15-min bath application of CX717 (150 μm). D, Rectified and integrated recording from C4 ventral roots of P1 rat brainstem–spinal cord preparation after 15-min bath application of BIC (3 μm). Note that bath application of bicuculline induced nonrespiratory (N) high amplitude, long-duration bursts of motor activity. E, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of varied concentrations of propofol (1 μm, n = 5; 2 μm, n = 11; and 5 μm, n = 8). F, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm) and then additional application of BIC (+BIC); n = 4 each. G, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm) and then additional application of CX717 (+CX); n = 4 each. H, Population data showing respiratory burst frequency and duration relative to control after 1-h bath application of propofol (2 μm, n = 11) and coadministration of CX717 and propofol (Co, n = 4). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, NSP > 0.05. All animals tested were postnatal day (P)0 to P1.

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