Fig. 3.
Effects of tyrosine (Tyr) kinase inhibitors (genistein and ST638) and L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (nicardipine) on the carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction of bronchial rings isolated from rats. Genistein (30 and 100 μm, A) and ST638 (10 and 30 μm, B) were added 30 min before the first addition of 1 μm CCh. Values are the means ± SEM from six (vehicle control, dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) and six (Tyr kinase inhibitors) independent experiments, respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 vs. Control (DMSO). Nicardipine (1 μm; C, D) was added 5 min before the addition of CCh. Values are the means ± SEM from five independent experiments, respectively. Typical photographs of effect of nicaridipine on the CCh-induced phosphorylated JNK-1 and JNK-2/3 (D).