The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). A representative blot for 4-HNE protein conjugates is shown above the graph. Values are mean percentage change ± SD (n = 8 per group). *Significantly different versus CON (P < 0.0167). Exact P values for all comparisons are listed below the graph. Acutely anesthetized control animals (CON); 12 h mechanically ventilated animals, no treatment (MV); 12 h of MV, treatment with the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin (MV + epoxomicin).