Fig. 1.
Amantadine attenuated surgery-induced learning and memory impairment. Four-month old Fischer 344 rats were subjected to right carotid exploration under intravenous anesthesia with or without the treatment of amantadine. Barnes maze training sessions started 1 week after the surgery. (A) Barnes maze training sessions. Results are mean ± S.D. (n=15). *P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding data on day 1. (B) Barnes maze memory phase. (C) Fear conditioning. Results in B and C are in box plot format (n=15). ●: lowest or highest score (the score will not show up if it falls in the 95th percentile); between lines: 95th percentile of the data; inside boxes: 25th to 75th percentile including the median of the data. &P < 0.05 compared with the control group, ^P < 0.05 compared with surgery alone group.