Corticocortical coherence (A) and frontal-parietal directed connectivity (B and C) during wakefulness, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep. The symbol-line plots (B and C) show the individual rat data, while the significance symbols represent the outcome of group-level statistical testing using repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons test. The right axis in B and C applies only to the gray shaded area. Significance symbols denote a statistical difference at an α of P < 0.05. The actual P values are reported in the text in the Results section. *Significant as compared to wake. #Significant as compared to slow wave sleep. Blue bars/circles: wake; yellow bars/triangles: slow wave sleep; red bars/squares: rapid eye movement sleep. NSTE = normalized symbolic transfer entropy.